DEBBI FIELDS

Debbi Fields is the Founder of Mrs. Fields Cookies. The business was started in 1977 in Palo Alto, California as Mrs. Field's Chocolate Chippery. The name was changed as the company began to diversify beyond the venerable chocolate chip. The company grosses over $300 million from over 1000 outlets in 9 countries. At age 20 Debbi Fields decided being a housewife wasn't enough and despite family, husband, friends and bankers who said no "with cookie breath and their lips smeared with chocolate", she managed to get a loan. Her husband Randy said she wouldn't sell $50 worth of cookies the first day. After several hours in the shop with no sales, as any good entrepreneur would do, she took to the streets! She assembled a tray of cookies and started to offer samples to the passers-by. By the end of the day, she rang-up $75 in sales. Her husband Randy, would later become an integral part of the companies growth. As the business grew, Debbi Fields was very conscious of her regular customers. She would often have coffee and cookies ready when they arrived. Making people feel special is an important ingredient in her recipe for success. In fact, it was on the advice and persistence of her loyal employees, that she open additional stores. Debbi got the baking bug and a "taste" for entrepreneurship at the age of 13 when she received her first paycheck from a job with the Oakland A's baseball organization. She found that "real" ingredients such as butter, vanilla, and real chocolate made for "real" cookies. She also learned the wonderful lesson that everyone needs to feel important. She received inspiration from her father (a welder by trade) learning that happiness was found in friends, family and enjoying what you do. Mrs. Field's has a very simple business recipe. Treat people with quality ingredients, care, and respect and you'll have a great start on success. She is an inspiration to every one of us because she is every one of us. She is not a Harvard grad nor a trust fund beneficiary. She was a simple person with a fire in her oven, tremendous values and a great idea to put smiles on patrons faces with her baking. Some statistics say that each person has several ideas in their lifetime that could be make them millionaires. Success is found in the execution of an honest idea.

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN DENMARK The increasing of the number of female entrepreneurs around the world is happening lately and it gets a lot of attention by the policy makers and researchers. In Denmark, female entrepreneurs get increased attention because it has a great business potential and entrepreneurs conditions and it has the best ranking among the countries around the world. However, the number of female entrepreneurs still in a small number compared to the male entrepreneurs. This inspired the present study to find what motivates women in Denmark to become entrepreneurs. Six women, both Danes and internationals, were invited to participate and share their experiences for the purpose of the study. During of the interviews, the talked about their personal and professional motivations, experiences, and practices as entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial activity is a result of human actions. Consequently entrepreneurship cannot be discussed outside the context of the human factor. Personal motivations, perceptions and characteristics play a critical role in the decision to act entrepreneurially. A Graphical Model of Entrepreneurial Motivation Based on the discussion of the seven main variables influencing the decision for new venture creation, Naffziger et al. (1994) present the following graphical model of entrepreneurial motivation:

A Graphical model of human motivations and their influence over the entrepreneurial process Based on the discussion presented in their paper, Shane, Locke and Collins suggest a graphical model of human motivations and their influence over the entrepreneurial process:

It is focused on women who already have started a business. The aim is to find why the became entrepreneurs. In the process of establishing and developing business, women employ holistic approach to it, and try to combine it with the other aspects of their lives. Women prefer to start small and give a try to their business ideas in order to see if they will develop further. This is why they usually establish their businesses with own financial capital instead of using bank credits. Starting small and growing with small scales makes the female owned companies stable and risk-free, which can be beneficial for the economy. Furthermore, women often establish their businesses with the desire to contribute to the world and to add value to peoples’ lives through the products and services they offer. Consequently, the female owned companies have a great value for the society. Last, but not least, this study shows the importance of the international business owners in Denmark. They arrive to the country with solid background, education and experience, which can be turned into a valuable asset for the Danish society. The policy makers should pay more attention to these women, motivate them to become entrepreneurs, and guide them through the process. Mentoring programs can be a very beneficial to encourage and help them. This is a topic, which could be of interest for a separate research

STATUS AND SCOPE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP This journal about status and scope of women entrepreneurship. As we know, Woman constitutes the family, which leads to society and Nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country and Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in the way in which it should be. So women entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing values in both family and social life. They are involved in business activities at all levels, making important contributions to economic growth. While many women are succeeding in business, they are still constrained by the gender values, norms and stereotypes in the environment in which they operate. Because of their reproductive roles they tend to be responsible for business as well as for most of the unpaid work in the household. They have less time to devote to their work and they are less mobile. A key issue, therefore, is whether women entrepreneurs face specific problems in setting up in business that is different from those faced by male-owned businesses. The present article deals with the concept of women entrepreneur, reasons to become entrepreneurs, advantages of women entrepreneur, present status, impediments, measures to remove obstacles, steps taken by the Indian Government in term of five year plans, schemes for promotion & development of women entrepreneurship in India and some leading women entrepreneurs of India.

Conceptual Frame Work of the Study (In the present study, it is conceptualised that performance of self employed women is a function of self-sphere system. Socio psycho system and resource system variable also affects the entrepreneurial characteristics of the respondents. Job satisfaction and net earnings are the determinants of entrepreneurial characteristics. if support- system in the form of training is provided then entrepreneurial characteristics. ) How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs? Right efforts on from all areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial activities. Following efforts can be taken into account for effective development of women entrepreneurs. • Consider women as specific target group for all developmental programmers. • Better educational facilities and schemes should be extended to women folk from government part. • Adequate training programmed on management skills to be provided to women community. • Encourage women's participation in decision-making. • Vocational training to be extended to women community that enables them to understand the production process and production management. • Skill development to be done in women's polytechnics and industrial training institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-production workshops. • Training on professional competence and leadership skill to be extended to women entrepreneurs. • Training and counselling on a large scale of existing women entrepreneurs to remove psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success. • Counselling through the aid of committed NGOs, psychologists, managerial experts and technical personnel should be provided to existing and emerging women entrepreneurs. • Continuous monitoring and improvement of training programmers. • Activities in which women are trained should focus on their marketability and profitability. • Making provision of marketing and sales assistance from government part. • To encourage more passive women entrepreneurs the Women training programmed should be organized that taught to recognize her own psychological needs and express them.

MODELLING ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDES IN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WITH BAYESIAN NETWORKS

This journal talk about modelling entrepreneurial attitudes in women entrepreneurs. As can be seen, Model I containing variables referred to resources and opportunity feasibilities produces the better results. That model is able to correctly classify woman entrepreneurs in 75% of the cases. Additionally, logarithmic loss and quadratic loss measurements are the lower and the spherical payoff is the higher compared with the other two models. On the other hand, Model II (considering resources feasibility alone) and Model III (modeling opportunity feasibility) yield similar goodness of fit parameters. These results suggest that Model I considering feasibility as a composite construct of two different types of feasibilities (opportunity and resources) is a better model than those taking into account either of the dimen-sions separately. The most striking result in this research is that the differentiation between opportunity and resources feasibility is useful to predict entrepreneurial intention. Given that Model I produced better goodness of fit parameters, that could conclude feasibility is, at least for women entrepreneur, integrated by a dimension of opportunity and another one of resources. As can be appreciated, and as it is predicted by the theory, opportunity feasibility, desirability and resources feasibility are the three most influential variables in the model.

FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This is journal is about female entrepreneurship. Female entrepreneurship has long been associated with concepts such as female empowerment and emancipation. Increasingly, it has also been marketed as crucial for increasing the quality of life of women in the developing world. The purpose of this research is to facilitate th            e discussion on how best to empower women using entrepreneurship. There are the different aspects of the model which are from motivation by push & pull theory, personal, social factors, financial factors and professional work environment also from family upbringing & networking, local governmental, financial & not-for-profit institutions, international development programs and management style & personal attributes by personal, financial, social & cultural, family and environment. Motivation is about personal factors like self fulfillment and achievement are motivational factors for females across the global. One significant factor contributing to this is the status of females in society, especially in the developing world. According to Nadgrodkiewicz, (2011), in lower-income classes, female entrepreneurship may be due to the need to meet family expenses, while among middle-income groups it can be attributed to the desire to raise the standard of living. International development programs on female entrepreneurship involve all the efforts made by developed nations, world financial institutions and other organizations working world-wide. They include financial & technical aid, assistance to managerial skills and other opportunities to grow business. According to Langowitz and Minniti, (2007) the role of females in the development of a country cannot be neglected or underestimated as it not only provides a platform for women to prove themselves and according to Eddleston and Powell, (2008) but also contributes to the welfare of the overall economy. Governments worldwide are taking steps to promote female entrepreneurial activities. The managerial approach of female entrepreneurs is more democratic than their male counterpart they build trust among their workers through transformational and interactive management style. Families play an important role in female entrepreneurship; recent studies reveal two opposing pictures in this respect. There is a dire need to understand the issues in the lives of female entrepreneurs so that they can be solved in a manner that will encourage other females to also think about entrepreneurship.   
                                                                                                                                                                                                           

         DETERMINING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL MODELS

This journal illustrate about factors that affect the desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurial perceptions of new venture. First factor is personal characteristics. According to Bartol and Martin, 1998, these factors are made up of two main variables include personality characteristics and background characteristics. Majority women can start their business because of their personality such as need for achievement, locus of control, high tolerance for ambiguity, while the background characteristics that may influence women entrepreneurs include as childhood family environment, education, age and work history. Next one is life-path circumstances. It’s including unsatisfactory work environment, negative displacement, career shift and positive attraction influencer. Last factors is environmental/supporting factors. This is the most important thing that need to have in starting a business. Bartol and Martin, 1998, claimed that it is including the adequate financing, availability of skilled labour, accessibility of suppliers, accessibility to customers, availability of infrastructures such as land, transportation, electricity etc and availability of supporting service system such as incubators, support networks, living condition and so on. Those factors are the causes to the ability of the women to be success. The higher the intensity of these factors, the higher the possibility of having the new venture in term of entrepreneurial activity.

Top 10 POWER Moves for Women Entrepreneurs

THIS IS VIDEO ABOUT POWER MOVES FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS BY 

Monique Caradine.